The stem wall supports the building loads and, in turn, is supported directly by the soil or a footing. A basement is typically defined as a portion of a building that is partly or completely below the exterior grade and that may be used as habitable or storage space.Ī slab on grade with an independent stem wall is a concrete floor supported by the soil independently of the rest of the building. Pile foundations are commonly used in coastal flood zones to elevate structures above flood levels, in weak or expansive soils to reach a stable stratum, and on steeply sloped sites.Ī crawlspace is a building foundation that uses a perimeter foundation wall to create an under-floor space that is not habitable the interior crawlspace elevation may or may not be below the exterior finish grade. Crawlspaces are common in the Northwest and Southeast. The concrete slab on grade is the most popular foundation type in the Southeast basements are the most common type in the East and Midwest. Preservative-treated wood, precast concrete, and other methods may also be used. The most common residential foundation materials are concrete masonry (i.e., concrete block) and cast-in-place concrete. In this inspection training article, we'll discuss the following foundation types: A foundation in residential construction may consist of a footing, wall, slab, pier, pile, or a combination of these elements. A foundation transfers the load of a structure to the earth and resists loads imposed by the earth.
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